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Evolution of Database

A database is an organized collection of data stored in a computer system and usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). With the advent of databases in the early 1960s, they have undergone a significant evolution.


  1. Flat file databases: File-based databases were first developed in 1968. Data in file-based databases was kept in flat files. Files provide a lot of benefits, but they also have some drawbacks. In this database, the file is used to store only in the CSV file format.

  2. Hierarchy databases: A hierarchical database is a database in which data is stored in the form of records and organized into a tree-like structure, or parent-child structure. However, these databases were not able to store complex data.

  3. Network database: The network database model was a progression from the hierarchical database model. Instead of only allowing each child to have one parent, this model allows each child to have multiple parents. This model has its problems, not all relations can be satisfied by assigning another owner, and the programmer still has to understand the data structure well in order to make the model efficient.

  4. Relational Databases: Relational databases gained popularity in the 1980s.In this database, data is stored through collection of tables with rows and columns and all tables are related to each other. Examples of Relational database management systems (RDBMS) are Oracle, Microsoft SQL server, MySQL, PostgreSQL.

  5. Non- Relational Databases: Non-relational databases store data in non-tabular format, it has different categories and each categories store data differently and different type of data. They are also known as No-SQL databases. Example: Redis Database (key value database), MongoDB (Document database), Neo4J database (Graph Database).

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