Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects" that can include data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures (also known as methods). The following are a few important terms of OOP concepts:
Encapsulation: Encapsulation refers to the combination of methods and attributes that operate on the data into a single entity, such as a class. It helps in hiding an object's internal state while showing only the relevant features.
Classes: They serve the same purpose as blueprints or templates for object development. They define the characteristics (attributes) and behaviors (methods) that objects of that kind will exhibit.
Abstraction: It is the process of masking complex implementation details and displaying only the relevant aspects of an object. It enables programmers to concentrate on what an item does instead of how it does it.
Objects: They are instances of classes. They are concrete entities created from a class blueprint that can store data and perform actions.
Inheritance: A class (subclass/derived class) can inherit properties and behaviours from another class (superclass/base class). It encourages code reuse and the formation of hierarchical links among classes.
Polymorphism: It refers to the ability of many objects to reply to the same message (method call) in different ways. It enables methods to be developed that handle objects of a certain class while simultaneously working with objects of subclasses.
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